Course/Assignment Index

[menu name=”Top” class=”coursesMenu” /]

Search for:

Recent Sources:

4007986 1 apa 5 default desc 1 286856 https://makeanimpact.space/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22RS5RSIJ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4007986%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3Ethe%20use%20of%20algorithms%20transforms%20a%20probabilistic%20vision%20of%20the%20future%20into%20a%20deterministic%20one%20thanks%20to%20the%20decisional%20and%20thus%20performative%20character%20of%20justice.%20Because%20decisions%20are%20performative%2C%20probabilities%20become%20deterministic%3A%20they%20produce%20the%20world%20they%20predict.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmakeanimpact.space%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D4007986%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRS5RSIJ7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%227FF5VT7I%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22the%20use%20of%20algorithms%20transforms%20a%20probabilistic%20vision%20of%20the%20future%20into%20a%20deterministic%20one%20thanks%20to%20the%20decisional%20and%20thus%20performative%20character%20of%20justice.%20Because%20decisions%20are%20performative%2C%20probabilities%20become%20deterministic%3A%20they%20produce%20the%20world%20they%20predict.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%221894%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200011%7C001505%7C00361%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A11%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B197.209%2C292.672%2C388.318%2C305.032%5D%2C%5B51.019%2C280.672%2C388.287%2C293.032%5D%2C%5B51.019%2C268.672%2C388.342%2C281.032%5D%2C%5B51.019%2C256.672%2C293.84%2C269.032%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-20T18%3A38%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AH7E3FNI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4007986%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EThe%20denial%20of%20the%20indeterminacy%20of%20the%20individual%26%23x2019%3Bs%20future%20causes%20the%20temporality%20of%20the%20individual%26%23x2019%3Bs%20life%20to%20flatten%20into%20a%20present%20inescapably%20doomed%20by%20its%20past%3A%20the%20individual%26%23x2019%3Bs%20past%20is%20used%20to%20predict%20the%20future%20as%20if%20this%20future%20had%20already%20been%20lived%2C%20and%20this%20%26%23x201C%3Bas%20if%26%23x201D%3B%20serves%20in%20turn%20to%20performatively%20determine%20their%20present%20through%20judicial%20decision-making.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmakeanimpact.space%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D4007986%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAH7E3FNI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%227FF5VT7I%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22The%20denial%20of%20the%20indeterminacy%20of%20the%20individual%5Cu2019s%20future%20causes%20the%20temporality%20of%20the%20individual%5Cu2019s%20life%20to%20flatten%20into%20a%20present%20inescapably%20doomed%20by%20its%20past%3A%20the%20individual%5Cu2019s%20past%20is%20used%20to%20predict%20the%20future%20as%20if%20this%20future%20had%20already%20been%20lived%2C%20and%20this%20%5Cu201cas%20if%5Cu201d%20serves%20in%20turn%20to%20performatively%20determine%20their%20present%20through%20judicial%20decision-making.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%221893%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200010%7C002029%7C00406%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A10%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B62.364%2C247.672%2C388.333%2C260.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C235.672%2C388.351%2C248.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C223.672%2C388.282%2C236.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C211.672%2C388.312%2C224.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C199.672%2C153.983%2C212.032%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-20T18%3A37%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TKTWEDFB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4007986%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EProbabilities%20of%20recidivism%20can%20be%20high%2C%20but%20they%20are%20just%20that%3A%20probabilities.%20To%20base%20a%20decision%20on%20a%20probable%20outcome%20which%20is%20the%20outcome%20of%20a%20class%20of%20individuals%20means%20to%20deny%20an%20individual%20the%20openness%20of%20their%20future%2C%20in%20other%20words%2C%20to%20deny%20the%20multiplicity%20of%20possible%20outcomes%2C%20while%20implicitly%20devolving%20to%20the%20individual%20the%20whole%20responsibility%20for%20the%20social%20conditions%20in%20which%20they%20grew%20up%2C%20these%20conditions%20being%20used%20against%20them%20when%20gathered%20for%20prediction%20purposes.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmakeanimpact.space%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D4007986%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTKTWEDFB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%227FF5VT7I%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22Probabilities%20of%20recidivism%20can%20be%20high%2C%20but%20they%20are%20just%20that%3A%20probabilities.%20To%20base%20a%20decision%20on%20a%20probable%20outcome%20which%20is%20the%20outcome%20of%20a%20class%20of%20individuals%20means%20to%20deny%20an%20individual%20the%20openness%20of%20their%20future%2C%20in%20other%20words%2C%20to%20deny%20the%20multiplicity%20of%20possible%20outcomes%2C%20while%20implicitly%20devolving%20to%20the%20individual%20the%20whole%20responsibility%20for%20the%20social%20conditions%20in%20which%20they%20grew%20up%2C%20these%20conditions%20being%20used%20against%20them%20when%20gathered%20for%20prediction%20purposes.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%221893%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200010%7C001419%7C00298%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A10%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B154.233%2C355.672%2C388.332%2C368.032%5D%2C%5B51.023%2C343.672%2C388.302%2C356.032%5D%2C%5B51.023%2C331.672%2C388.382%2C344.032%5D%2C%5B51.023%2C319.672%2C388.343%2C332.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C307.672%2C388.355%2C320.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C295.672%2C388.343%2C308.032%5D%2C%5B51.024%2C283.672%2C75.744%2C296.032%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-20T18%3A37%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223NKB3DQH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4007986%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3Eit%20seemed%20that%20rehabilitation%20was%20far%20less%20often%20achieved%20than%20our%20predecessors%20would%20have%20believed.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmakeanimpact.space%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D4007986%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3NKB3DQH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%22M7I9TI4A%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22it%20seemed%20that%20rehabilitation%20was%20far%20less%20often%20achieved%20than%20our%20predecessors%20would%20have%20believed.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%22xxxii%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200029%7C000953%7C00295%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A29%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B208.627%2C482.562%2C213.188%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B204.066%2C482.562%2C208.627%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B192.945%2C482.562%2C199.118%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B185.998%2C482.562%2C192.945%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B179.052%2C482.562%2C185.998%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B167.409%2C482.562%2C179.052%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B160.462%2C482.562%2C167.409%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B152.728%2C482.562%2C160.462%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B142.124%2C482.562%2C147.078%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B133.818%2C482.562%2C142.124%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B126.357%2C482.562%2C133.818%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B121.404%2C482.562%2C126.357%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B109.885%2C482.562%2C115.308%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B102.891%2C482.562%2C109.885%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B95.104%2C482.562%2C102.891%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B88.11%2C482.562%2C95.104%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B80.323%2C482.562%2C88.11%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B75.679%2C482.562%2C80.323%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B71.035%2C482.562%2C75.679%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B66.391%2C482.562%2C71.035%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B61.748%2C482.562%2C66.391%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B54.753%2C482.562%2C61.748%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B50.109%2C482.562%2C54.753%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B45.466%2C482.562%2C50.109%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B37.679%2C482.562%2C45.466%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B29.892%2C482.562%2C37.679%2C496.462%5D%2C%5B379.122%2C501.112%2C389.158%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B374.439%2C501.112%2C379.838%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B369.765%2C501.112%2C374.439%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B358.391%2C501.112%2C362.568%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B352.671%2C501.112%2C358.391%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B348.494%2C501.112%2C352.671%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B337.298%2C501.112%2C341.162%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B331.413%2C501.112%2C337.298%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B326.292%2C501.112%2C331.413%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B320.885%2C501.112%2C326.292%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B310.46%2C501.112%2C317.41%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B305.674%2C501.112%2C310.46%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B301.653%2C501.112%2C305.674%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B295.324%2C501.112%2C301.653%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B288.217%2C501.112%2C295.324%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B272.019%2C501.112%2C278.292%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B265.746%2C501.112%2C272.019%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B258.695%2C501.112%2C265.746%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B254.729%2C501.112%2C258.695%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B248.227%2C501.112%2C254.398%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B241.049%2C501.112%2C248.227%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B234.649%2C501.112%2C241.049%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B227.471%2C501.112%2C234.649%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B214.815%2C501.112%2C219.398%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B207.13%2C501.112%2C214.815%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B200.227%2C501.112%2C207.13%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B192.542%2C501.112%2C200.227%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B177.393%2C501.112%2C185.228%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B169.559%2C501.112%2C177.393%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B164.103%2C501.112%2C169.559%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B148.927%2C501.112%2C156.768%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B143.467%2C501.112%2C148.927%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B136.425%2C501.112%2C143.467%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B128.584%2C501.112%2C136.425%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B121.542%2C501.112%2C128.584%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B114.499%2C501.112%2C121.542%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B107.457%2C501.112%2C114.499%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B101.198%2C501.112%2C107.457%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B94.94%2C501.112%2C101.198%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B87.099%2C501.112%2C94.94%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B81.639%2C501.112%2C87.099%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B75.381%2C501.112%2C81.639%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B57.468%2C501.112%2C68.458%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B49.639%2C501.112%2C57.468%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B41.809%2C501.112%2C49.639%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B37.14%2C501.112%2C41.809%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B29.31%2C501.112%2C37.14%2C515.012%5D%2C%5B381.268%2C520.292%2C388.218%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B375.97%2C520.292%2C381.418%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B369.776%2C520.292%2C375.97%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B363.288%2C520.292%2C370.238%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B357.116%2C520.292%2C363.288%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B353.641%2C520.292%2C357.116%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B343.216%2C520.292%2C350.166%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B337.045%2C520.292%2C343.216%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B333.438%2C520.292%2C337.045%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B329.831%2C520.292%2C333.438%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B323.659%2C520.292%2C329.831%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B316.877%2C520.292%2C323.659%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B310.874%2C520.292%2C316.877%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B304.092%2C520.292%2C310.874%2C534.192%5D%2C%5B300.785%2C520.292%2C304.092%2C534.192%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-20T18%3A08%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2294GS9LY9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4007986%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3Eone%20can%20never%20compel%20anyone%20to%20agree%20with%20one%26%23x2019%3Bs%20judgments%26%23x2014%3B%26%23x201C%3BThis%20is%20beautiful%26%23x201D%3B%20or%20%26%23x201C%3BThis%20is%20wrong%26%23x201D%3B%20%28Kant%20does%20not%20believe%20that%20moral%20judgments%20are%20the%20product%20of%20reflection%20and%20imagination%2C%20hence%20they%20are%20not%20judgments%20strictly%20speaking%29%3B%20one%20can%20only%20%26%23x201C%3Bwoo%26%23x201D%3B%20or%20%26%23x201C%3Bcourt%26%23x201D%3B%20the%20agreement%20of%20everyone%20else.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmakeanimpact.space%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D4007986%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D94GS9LY9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%22QBBUH45W%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22one%20can%20never%20compel%20anyone%20to%20agree%20with%20one%5Cu2019s%20judgments%5Cu2014%5Cu201cThis%20is%20beautiful%5Cu201d%20or%20%5Cu201cThis%20is%20wrong%5Cu201d%20%28Kant%20does%20not%20believe%20that%20moral%20judgments%20are%20the%20product%20of%20reflection%20and%20imagination%2C%20hence%20they%20are%20not%20judgments%20strictly%20speaking%29%3B%20one%20can%20only%20%5Cu201cwoo%5Cu201d%20or%20%5Cu201ccourt%5Cu201d%20the%20agreement%20of%20everyone%20else.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2272%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200083%7C001389%7C00480%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A83%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B310.083%2C211.91%2C389.284%2C220.91%5D%2C%5B42.96%2C197.51%2C388.795%2C206.51%5D%2C%5B43.44%2C183.11%2C389.037%2C192.11%5D%2C%5B43.44%2C168.95%2C389.036%2C177.95%5D%2C%5B43.2%2C154.79%2C389.279%2C163.79%5D%2C%5B43.2%2C140.15%2C260.883%2C149.15%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-19T19%3A54%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D

the use of algorithms transforms a probabilistic vision of the future into a deterministic one thanks to the decisional and thus performative character of justice. Because decisions are performative, probabilities become deterministic: they produce the world they predict. (n.d.). Cite

The denial of the indeterminacy of the individual’s future causes the temporality of the individual’s life to flatten into a present inescapably doomed by its past: the individual’s past is used to predict the future as if this future had already been lived, and this “as if” serves in turn to performatively determine their present through judicial decision-making. (n.d.). Cite

Probabilities of recidivism can be high, but they are just that: probabilities. To base a decision on a probable outcome which is the outcome of a class of individuals means to deny an individual the openness of their future, in other words, to deny the multiplicity of possible outcomes, while implicitly devolving to the individual the whole responsibility for the social conditions in which they grew up, these conditions being used against them when gathered for prediction purposes. (n.d.). Cite

it seemed that rehabilitation was far less often achieved than our predecessors would have believed. (n.d.). Cite

one can never compel anyone to agree with one’s judgments—“This is beautiful” or “This is wrong” (Kant does not believe that moral judgments are the product of reflection and imagination, hence they are not judgments strictly speaking); one can only “woo” or “court” the agreement of everyone else. (n.d.). Cite

See all of my sources on Zotero.

ORCID iD

orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-4044